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When installing a radiant heating system the first question the consumer will be asked is what type of loop they would require this system run through. This questions can only answered in two ways, an open loop system or a closed loop system. Each type of system has their own benefits, allowing for a variety of applications to be connected. These systems are typically set up through PEX tubing equipped to a radiant PEX manifold, which allows the user full control.
Setting up the loop with PEX tubing means that the right type must be used for a properly functioning system. For example, when installing a closed loop system the installer is required to use PEX tubing with an oxygen barrier. This ensures that the ferrous components of the system do not corrode from oxygen permeation. When installing an open loop system it is not necessary to use an oxygen barrier, and a non-barrier PEX tubing will suffice for the job. This is due to the constant amount of fresh water entering the system, making oxygen permeation inevitable.
An open loop radiant heating system is set up in a format where the potable water that is used for bathing and drinking services of the house is also used for heating the floors. This operation starts the water from the supply point on a full cycle, going from the heated floor system, to the water heater, then being sent either to a potable water component of the system, or to continue floor heating. This method is frowned upon by most plumbers due to the fact that the same water that is being used to heat the floors; is also being used for potable water applications such as cooking and bathing. The main concern stressed by plumbers is the Legionnaires Disease, which is caused by the bacteria Legionella Pneumophila which only grows in warm stagnant water. The threat of this disease due to an open loop system remains minimal, with no reports as to date. To reduce the potential risk of Legionnaires, simply turn up the heat to 115 degrees Fahrenheit which is a temperature they cannot withstand.
Closed loop radiant heating systems are the more preferred option for most plumbers, but are also more expensive due to the need for a secondary heating unit to be installed for optimal heating purposes. These systems are typically connected to a source that’s heats the water such as a boiler or a tankless water heater, in which the heating fluid continually circulates through the system with no need for removal other than scheduled maintenance. This operation is very simple as opposed to the open loop system; the full cycle for the water consists of leaving the supply source, running through the tubing to heat the required zone, and returning back to the source. The closed loop system is not connected to the potable water system in the home, and therefore the potable water system constantly provides fresh water.
Closed loop and open loop systems will remain at the foundation of any radiant heating system. The decision is strictly up to the consumer for which they prefer. If they decide that one system should be set up to run the homes radiant floor heating and potable services than an open loop system is required. If the homeowner feels the need to separate the heating and potable water aspects of the home, and decides to install a secondary unit for radiant heating purposes then that is a closed loop system. Each system is efficient in its own way, and it is entirely up to the homeowner which system fits their home and lifestyle.
